Aircraft Towing Procedur-CAAIP

PUSHING AIRCRAFT MANUALY.

1. ON AIRCRAFT HAVING A NOSE WHEEL LANDING GEAR, A STERING ARM SHOULD BE FITTED TO THE NOSE WHEEL TO GUIDE THE AIRCRAFT AND FORCE SHOULD BE APPLIED ONLY AT HARD SURFACE WHICH IS DESIGN TO ACCEPT IT.

2. FORCE NOT TO BE APPLIED TO TRAILING EDGES OF WING OR CONTROL SURFACE OR TO AREAS WHICH ARE MARKED TO PROHABIT THE APPLICATION OF FORCE. PROPELLER ALSO SHOULD NOT BE USED TO PUSH OR PULL THE AIRCRAFT.

3. GENERALLY IT IS BETTER TO PUSH AN AIRCRAFT BACK WARDS RATHER THAN FORWARDS, SINCE THE LEADING EDGES OF THE WINGS AND TAILPLANE ARE STRONGER THAN THE TRAILING ADGES.

4. FOR SOME AIRCRAFT, THE STRUT AND UNDERCARRIAGE ARE SUITABLE FOR PUSHING THE AIRCRAFT FORWARDS.

5. THE FLAT OF THE HAND SHOULD BE USED WHEN PUSHING , SO AS TO SPREAD THE LOAD OVER THE LARGERS AREA.

6. WHEN PUSHING ON STRUT OR UNDERCARRIAGES THE FORCE SHOULD BE APPLIED AS NEAR TO THE AND FITTING AS POSSIBLE.

TOWING AIRCRAFT WITH TOW TRUCK.

1. THE CORRECT TOW BAR SHOULD BE CONNECT BETWEEN THE TOWING ATTACHMENT AT THE BASE OF THE NOSE UNDERCARRIAGE LEG AND TRACTOR

2. A PERSON FAMILIAR WITH THE AIRCRAFT BRAKE SYSTEM SHOULD BE SEATED IN THE COCKPIT/CABINTO OPERAT THE BRAKE IN AN EMERGENCY.

3. ONCE THE BAR IS CONNECTED, THE BRAKE AND THE RUDDER LOCK MAY BE REALESED AND THE AIRCRAFT TOWED FORWARD AT THE SAFE SPEED. DEPEDING ON CONDITION IN THE VICINITY.

4. If In congested areas, wing wALKer and tail walker around airplane to ensure adequate CLEARANCE BETWEEN airplane and adjacent EQUIPMENT OR structures.

5. CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN WHEN NEGOTIATING BENDS, TO PREVENT THE LIMITS OF NOSE-WHEEL MOVEMENT BEING EXCEEDED.

TOWING LARGE AIRCRAFT.

1. LARGE MULTI ENGINE AIRCRAFT ARE USUALLY MOVED BY TOWING WITH TOW-BAR WITH A TOW-BAR ATTACHED TO THE NOSE LANDING GEAR .THE TOW BAR IS FITTED WITH A SHEAR-PIN OR BOLT, WHICH WILL SHEAR AT A PREDETERMINED LOAD TO PREVENT AXCESSIVE LOAD BEING APPLIED TO THE NOSE UNDERCARRIAGE.

2. THE CENTRE OG GRAVITY ( C OF G) OF THE AIRCRAFT MUST BE DETERMINED BEFORE TOWING, TO ENSURE THAT THERE IS SUFFICIENT WEIGHT ON THE NOSE WHEEL.

3. ADVERT FUEL DISTRIBUTION AND THE AIRCRAFT BEING IN A NON-STANDART CONDITION( E.G : WITH ENGINE REMOVE) , COULD EFFECT C OF G POSITION.

4. BALLAST MAY SOMETIMES BE REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE A SAFE C OF G POSITION, BUT MAST NOT EXCEED A MAXIMUM TOWING WEIGHT .

5. BEFORE TOWING :

i. IS COMMENCED THE UNDERCARRIAGE GROUND LOCK SHOULD BE INSTALLED.

ii. THE STEERING SHOULD BE DISCONNECTED.

iii. THE NOSE UNDERCARRIAGE SHOCK ABSORBER SHOULD BE CHECKED FOR NORMAL EXTENSIONS.

iv. TEST BRAKE SYSTEM FOR SERVICEABLLTY.

6. A PERSON FAMILIAR WITH THE AIRCRAFT BRAKE SYSTEM SHOULD BE SEATED IN THE COCKPIT/CABINTO OPERAT THE BRAKE IN AN EMERGENCY.THESE PERSON SHOULD BE IN TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION WITH THE OUT SIDE GROUND CREW AND THE TRACTOR DRIVER.

7. If In congested areas, wing wALKer and tail walker around airplane to ensure adequate CLEARANCE BETWEEN airplane and adjacent EQUIPMENT OR structures.ONE PERSON SHOULD BE IN OVERALL CONTROL OF THE OPERATION.

8. THE AIRCRAFT BRAKE SHOULD BE RELEASED BEFORE THE TRACTOR MOVES OFF ANAD TOWING- SPEED SHOULD BE KEPT DOWN TO SAFE SPEED.

9. THE RADIUS OF TURN SHOULD BE KEEP AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE, TO MINIMISE TYRE SCRUBBING AND TWISTING LOADS ON THE MAIN UNDERCARRIAGE LEGS.

10. BEFORE STOPING,THE AIRCRAFT SHOULD BE TOWED IN A STRAIGHT LINE FOR A SHORT DISTANCE IN ORDER TO REMOVE ANY TYRE STRESES IMPOSED BY TURNING.

IN AN EMERGENCY AIRCRAFT ON RUNWAY.

1) IN AN EMERGENCY IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO MOVE AN AIRCRAFT FROM A RUNWAY WHILE IT HAS ONE OR MORE DEFLATED TYRES.PROVIDED THAT IS ONE SOUND TYRE ON AN AXLE ,THE AIRCRAFT MAY BE TOWED TO THE MAINTENANCE AREA. BUT SHARP TURN SHOULD BE AVOIDED, TOWING SPEED TO BE KEPT TO AN ABSOLUTE MINIMUM AND BRAKE SHOULD BE APLLIED VERY CAREFULLY.

2) IF AN AXLE IS NOT SUPPORTED BY A SOUND TYRE, HOWEVER THE AIRCRAFT MAY ONLY BE MOVED THE SHORTEST DISTANCE NECESSARY TO CLEAR THE ACTIVE RUNWAY.THE WHEEL WITH DEFLATED TYRE MUST BE REMOVED AND SERVICEABLE COMPONENS FITTED BEFORE TOWING IS CONTINUED.

3) AFTER ANY TYRE FAILURE , THE ASSOCIATED WHEEL MUST BE INSPECTED AND IT MAY ALSO BE NECESSARY THE WHEELS AND TYRE WHICH HAVE NOT FAILED IF THE AIRCRAFT HAS LANDED OR TOWED A DEFLATED TYRE.